Aiming at the problems that there is no unified registration of files, the whereabouts of files are not tracked, and the process of circulation is not standardized in the circulation of electronic files under the Internet ecology, a blockchain-based electronic file circulation scheme was proposed. Firstly, the design goals and design architecture of the electronic file circulation system based on blockchain were proposed using the multi-centralized system of the consortium blockchain in the blockchain. Secondly, blockchain-based electronic file circulation system was implemented by using a cloud storage platform to upload files for electronic file storage and adding time-stamps of the ownership transfer data of files to make the circulation process continuous, relevant, traceable, honest and credible. The data synchronization and tracing of the blockchain-based electronic file circulation system was achieved through using database calls to realize the data access. Finally, a smart contract for electronic file ownership transfer and query to verify and protect the contents of the files by reading the file identification. The security analysis and performance tests show that compared to the original one, the proposed scheme is more secure and enhances the credibility of the circulation information, at the same time, the shorter execution time of the smart contract makes the system have better reliability and traceability.